Perkins 1300 Series EDi

Models WK to WS

USER’S HANDBOOK

Six cylinder, turbocharged, diesel engines with an

electronic management system for industrial and

agricultural applications

Publication TPD 1352E, Issue 4.

© Proprietary information of Perkins Engines Company Limited, all rights reserved.

The information is correct at the time of print.

Published in November 2011 by Technical Publications,

Perkins Engines Company Limited, Peterborough PE1 5NA, England

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Thispublication iswritten in

PerkinsApproved ClearEnglish

This publication is divided into six chapters:

1    General information

2    Engine views

3    Operation instructions

4    Preventive maintenance

5    Engine fluids

6    Fault diagnosis

The following pages contain a detailed table of contents

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Contents

1 General information

Introduction  . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 1

Safety precautions  .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 2

How to care for your engine  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..  3

Engine preservation  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..  4

Parts and service   ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 5

Training ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..  5

Service literature . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..  5

Engine identification  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..  6

Engine data . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..  8

2 Engine views

Introduction  . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  11

Location of engine parts .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...   11

3 Operation instructions

How to start the engine ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...   13

How to start an engine with an ether start system .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...   15

How to stop the engine  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  16

Adjustment of engine speed range  . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  16

Engine operation at idle speed  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  16

Running-in ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...   16

Altitude  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...   16

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 3

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4 Preventive maintenance

Preventive maintenance periods  . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  17

Schedules  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  18

How to drain the cooling system .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  19

How to fill the cooling system  .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  20

How to renew the canister of the coolant filter / inhibitor . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  21

How to check the drive belt  . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  22

How to remove the drive belt ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  22

Fuel pre-filter  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  23

How to renew the fuel strainer and the canister of the fuel filter .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  23

How to eliminate air from the fuel system  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  24

How to renew the lubricating oil ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  25

How to renew the canister of the lubricating oil filter  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 26

Air filter   ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  27

Restriction indicator . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  27

How to set the valve tip clearances . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  28

5 Engine fluids

Fuel specification . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  29

Lubricating oil specification .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  30

Coolant specification  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  31

6 Fault diagnosis

Problems and possible causes  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  33

List of possible causes   ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  34

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1

General information

1

Introduction

The 1300 Series EDi is a family of engines which have an electronic management system. The engines are

designed for industrial and agricultural applications from Perkins Engines Limited, a world leader in the design

and manufacture of high-performance diesel engines.

Perkins approved assembly and quality standards, together with the latest technology, have been applied to

the manufacture of your engine to give you reliable and economic power.

Note: To ensure that you use the relevant information for your specific engine type, refer to "Engine

identification" on page 6.

Danger is indicated in the text by two methods:

Warning! This indicates that there is a possible danger to the person.

Caution: This indicates that there is a possible danger to the engine.

Note: Is used where the information is important, but there is not a danger.

A

W251/1

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Safety precautions

These safety precautions are important.

You must refer also to the local regulations in the country of use. Some items only apply to specific

applications.

z   Only use these engines in the type of application for which they have been designed.

z   Do not change the specification of the engine.

z   Do not smoke when you put fuel in the tank.

z   Clean away fuel which has been spilt. Material which has been contaminated by fuel must be moved to a

safe place.

z   Do not put fuel in the tank while the engine runs (unless it is absolutely necessary).

z   Do not clean, add lubricating oil, or adjust the engine while it runs (unless you have had the correct training;

even then extreme caution must be used to prevent injury).

z   Do not make adjustments that you do not understand.

z   Ensure that the engine does not run in a location where it can cause a concentration of toxic emissions.

z   Other persons must be kept at a safe distance while the engine or auxiliary equipment is in operation.

z   Do not permit loose clothing or long hair near moving parts.

z   Keep away from moving parts during engine operation.

Warning! Some moving parts cannot be seen clearly while the engine runs.

z   Do not operate the engine if a safety guard has been removed.

z   Do not remove the filler cap or any component of the cooling system while the engine is hot and while the

coolant is under pressure, because dangerous hot coolant can be discharged.

z   Do not use salt water or any other coolant which can cause corrosion in the closed coolant circuit.

z   Do not allow sparks or fire near the batteries (especially when the batteries are on charge) because the

gases from the electrolyte are highly flammable. The battery fluid is dangerous to the skin and especially

to the eyes.

z   Disconnect the battery terminals before a repair is made to the electrical system.

z   Only one person must control the engine.

z   Ensure that the engine is operated only from the control panel or from the operator's position. Discard used

lubricating oil in a safe place to prevent contamination.

z   Ensure that the control lever of the transmission drive is in the "out-of-drive" position before the engine is

started.

z   The combustible material of some components of the engine (for example certain seals) can become

extremely dangerous if it is burned. Never allow this burnt material to come into contact with the skin or with

the eyes.

z   Diesel fuel and lubricating oil (especially used lubricating oil) can damage the skin of certain persons.

Protect your hands with gloves or a special solution to protect the skin.

z   Do not wear clothing which is contaminated by lubricating oil. Do not put material which is contaminated

with oil into the pockets of clothing.

z   Discard used lubricating oil in accordance with local regulations to prevent contamination.

z   Use extreme care if emergency repairs must be made in adverse conditions.

Continued

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z   Always use a safety cage to protect the operator when a component is to be pressure tested in a container

of water. Fit safety wires to secure the plugs which seal the hose connections of a component which is to

be pressure tested.

z   Do not allow compressed air to contact your skin. If compressed air enters your skin, obtain medical help

immediately.

z   Turbochargers operate at high speed and at high temperatures. Keep fingers, tools and debris away from

the inlet and outlet ports of the turbocharger and prevent contact with hot surfaces.

z   The fuel injector units of this engine are controlled electronically by a pulse of 110 volts.

z   The fuel injector units are actuated by high-pressure engine lubricating oil. Do not remove any component

of the high-pressure system while the engine oil is under pressure, because dangerous oil can be

discharged.

z   Fit only genuine Perkins parts.

How to care for your engine

This handbook has been written to assist you to maintain and operate your engine correctly.

To obtain the best performance and the longest life from your engine, you must ensure that the maintenance

operations are done at the intervals indicated in Chapter 4, Preventive maintenance. If the engine works in a

very dusty environment or other adverse conditions, certain maintenance intervals will have to be reduced.  

Renew the filter canisters and lubricating oil regularly in order to ensure that the inside of your engine remains

clean.

Ensure that all adjustments and repairs are done by personnel who have had the correct training. Perkins

distributors have this type of personnel available. You can also obtain parts and service from your Perkins

distributor.

The terms "left side" and "right side" apply when the engine is seen from the flywheel end.

Warning! Read the "Safety precautions" on page 2 and remember them. They are given for your protection

and must be applied at all times.

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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Engine preservation

Introduction

The recommendations indicated below are designed to prevent damage to the engine when it is withdrawn

from service for a prolonged period. Use these procedures after the engine is withdrawn from service.

Procedure

Caution: The procedure for this engine is different to the procedure for other Perkins engines, because of the

design of the fuel injection units.

1  Completely clean the outside of the engine.

2  Operate the engine until it is warm. Stop the engine and drain the lubricating oil from the sump. Ensure that

the oil gallery of the high-pressure lubrication system is drained.

Caution: If the gallery is not drained, the engine cylinders will be filled with engine lubricating oil when the fuel

injector units are removed.

3  Drain the fuel supply gallery, fitted to the cylinder head.

Caution: If the gallery is not drained, the engine cylinders will be filled with fuel when the fuel injector units are

removed.

4  Renew the canister of the lubricating oil filter, see "How to renew the canister of the lubricating oil filter" on

page 26.

5  Fill the sump to the full mark on the dipstick with new and clean lubricating oil. Use a correct preservative

fluid instead of the lubricating oil. If a preservative fluid is used, this must be drained and the lubricating oil

sump must be filled to the correct level with normal lubricating oil at the end of the storage period.

6  Drain the coolant circuit, see "How to drain the cooling system" on page 19. In order to protect the cooling

system against corrosion, fill it with an approved antifreeze mixture because this gives protection against

corrosion.

Caution: If protection against frost is not necessary and a corrosion inhibitor is to be used, it is recommended

that you consult the Technical Service Department, Perkins Engines Company Limited, Peterborough.

7  Connect the battery, eliminate air from the fuel system. Operate the engine for a short period in order to

circulate the lubricating oil and the coolant in the engine. Then correct leakages of fuel, lubricating oil or air.

8  Disconnect the battery. Then put the battery into safe storage in a fully charged condition. Before the battery

is put into storage, protect its terminals against corrosion.

9  Remove the air filter. Then, if necessary, remove the pipe(s) installed between the air filter and the

turbocharger. Seal the air inlet to the turbocharger with waterproof tape.

Continued

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10  Remove the exhaust pipe. Seal the manifold or the turbocharger with waterproof tape.

11  Clean the engine breather pipe and seal the end of the pipe.

12  When a preservative fuel is to be used, drain the fuel system and fill it with the preservative fuel. If

preservative fuel is not used, the system can be completely filled with normal fuel but the fuel must be drained

and discarded at the end of the storage period together with the fuel filter canister.

13  Remove the drive belts and put them into storage.

14  Seal the vent pipe of the fuel tank or the fuel filler cap with waterproof tape.

Every month, the crankshaft must be rotated in order to change the spring loading on the valve train. Rotate

the crankshaft more than 180 degrees. Visibly check for damage or corrosion to the engine.

If the engine protection is done correctly according to the above recommendations, no corrosion damage will

normally occur. Perkins are not responsible for damage which may occur when an engine is in storage after a

period in service.

Parts and service

If problems occur with your engine or with the components fitted onto it, your Perkins distributor can make the

necessary repairs and will ensure that only the correct parts are fitted and that the work is done correctly.

Training

Local training for the correct operation, service and overhaul of engines is available at certain Perkins

distributors. If special training is necessary, your Perkins distributor can advise you how to obtain it at the

Perkins Customer Training Department, Peterborough, or other main centres.

Service literature

Workshop manuals, installation drawings and other service publications are available from your Perkins

distributor at a nominal cost.

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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Engine identification

The 1300 Series EDi engines consist of a range of six cylinder in-line engines which are turbocharged or

turbocharged/intercooled. The engines have an electronic management system.

In this handbook, the different engine types are indicated by their code letters, which are the first two letters of

the engine number as indicated in table 1.

Table 1

Capacity

Code letters

Aspiration system

Litre

7,6

7,6

8,6

8,6

7,6

7,6

8,6

8,6

in3

466

466

531

531

466

466

531

531

WK

WL

Turbocharged

Turbocharged / intercooled

Turbocharged

WM

WN

WP

WQ

WR

WS

Turbocharged / intercooled

Turbocharged

Turbocharged / intercooled

Turbocharged

Turbocharged / intercooled

The engine number is stamped on the left side of the cylinder block (A1) on the earliest engines, behind the

high pressure pump. On later engines, the engine number is located at position (B1). On the current engine,

the identification plate is located on the top cover of the engine (C1).

An example of an engine number is WP1296N1234567.

The components of the engine number are as follows:

WP = Type code letters

1296 = Build list number

N = Built in the USA

1234567 = Engine serial number

Certain engines built after 4th January 2010 use a different engine number format. An example of the engine

number in the different engine format is WGBF1296N12345U.

The components of the engine number are as follows:

W = Engine series

G = Application

B = Engine type

F = Number of cylinders

1296 = Build list number

N = Built in the USA

123456U = Engine serial number

If you need parts, service or information for your engine, you must give the complete engine number to your

Perkins distributor.

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1

A

B

W002

PW250/1

1

C

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Engine data

Number of cylinders... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..6

Cylinder arrangement  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. In line

Cycle.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..Four stroke

Induction system ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Turbocharged or Turbocharged/intercooled

Combustion system ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...  Direct injection

Nominal bore:

- WK and WL.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 109,2 mm (4.301 in)

- WM, WN, WP, WQ, WR and WS. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 116,6 mm (4.590 in)

Stroke:

- WK, WL , WP and WQ  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 118,9 mm (4.681 in)

- WM, WN, WR and WS. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 135,9 mm (5.350 in)

Compression ratio.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..16.5:1

Cubic capacity:

- WK, WL , WP and WQ. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 7,64 litres (466.4 in3)

- WM, WN, WR and WS. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 8,71 litres (531.0 in3)

Firing order. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..1, 5, 3, 6, 2, 4

Valve tip clearances (cold):

- Inlet and exhaust . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..0,64 mm (0.025 in)

Lubricating oil pressure (minimum):

- Idle... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..137 kPa (20 lbf in  ) 1,4 kgf/cm2

2

2

- maximum engine speed and normal engine temperature ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..276 kPa (40 lbf/in  ) 2,8 kgf/cm2

Capacity of a typical lubricating oil sump (1)

:

- Without filter canister ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 22,7 litres (40.0 UK pints) 24 US quarts

- With filter canister  ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 28,3 litres (49.9 UK pints) 28 US quarts

Typical coolant capacity (engine only)... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 12,8 litres (22.5 UK pints) 13,5 US quarts

Direction of rotation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . Clockwise from the front

(1) The capacity of the sump may vary according to the application. Fill to the "Full" mark on the dipstick. Do not exceed the "Full" mark.

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Engine views

2

Introduction

Perkins engines are built for specific applications and the views which follow do not necessarily match your

engine specification.

Location of engine parts

Front and left side view

1 Fan

8 Sensor for the inlet manifold air temperature

2 Wiring harness to the sensor for injection control      9 electrical connector for the injector units

pressure

10 Supply manifold

3 Sensor for engine oil temperature

11 Lubricating oil filler and dipstick

4 Camshaft position sensor

12 Engine control module

5 Sensor for engine oil pressure

13 Fuel strainer

6 Crankshaft damper

14 Canister for the fuel filter

7 Sump for the engine lubricating oil

15 Starter motor

8

9

1

2

10

11

3

4

12

13

14

5

6

15

7

A

PW251/2

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Rear and right side view

16 Rear lift bracket

17 Engine breather pipe

18 Turbocharger

24 Front lift bracket

25 Coolant temperature sensor

26 Alternator

19 Wastegate

27 Tensioner for the drive belt

28 Canister for the coolant filter / inhibitor

29 Coolant pump

20 Flywheel

21 Flywheel housing

22 Canister for the lubricating oil filter

23 Air inlet connection

30 Coolant inlet connection

31 Lubricating oil cooler

23

24

25

16

17

26

27

18

28

29

19

20

21

22

30

31

A

PW250

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Operation instructions

3

How to start the engine

Temperature of 15°C (60°F) to -10°C (14°F)

Several factors affect engine start, for example:

z   The power of the batteries

z   The performance of the starter motor

z   The viscosity of the lubricating oil

z   The installation of a cold start system.

The engine will start without a cold starting aid at temperatures as low as -10 °C (14 °F). In conditions where

the temperature is lower than this, a block heater or an ether start system may be necessary.

Before the engine is started the operator should understand fully the reason for the controls and their use.

Before the engine is started:

z   Check that there is sufficient coolant and, if necessary, add the correct coolant, see Chapter 4, Preventive

maintenance.

z   Check that there is sufficient lubricating oil in the sump and, if necessary, add lubricating oil. Refer to

Chapter 4, Preventive maintenance. Ensure that the lubricating oil is of the correct grade for the ambient

conditions.

z    Fill the fuel tank with fuel of the correct specification, see Chapter 5, Engine fluids.

z    Check the air filter and its connections.

z    Ensure that all of the electrical connections are tight.

Notes:

z   For the correct engine fluids, see Chapter 5, Engine fluids.

z   The procedures to start the engine may vary according to the application. If possible, consult the User's

Handbook for the application.

1  Apply the hand brake, if the application is fitted with one. Ensure that the transmission is in the out-of-drive

position. Ensure that the engine speed control is in the minimum speed position.

2  Turn the start key to the "ON" position.

Note: Do not operate the engine speed control during engine start, the management system controls the

supply of fuel, and it will ignore signals from the speed control until the engine starts.

3  Turn the start key further to engage the starter motor. If the application has a start button, press and hold

the button.

4  Release the start key (or the button) as soon as the engine starts. The start key will return to the "ON"

position.

Caution: If the engine does not start within 30 seconds, release the start key and wait two to three minutes to

allow the starter motor to cool. If after three tries the engine does not start, turn the key to the "OFF" position.

Continued

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5  Locate and correct the problem. Always ensure that the engine and starter motor are stationary before the

starter motor is engaged again.

2

2

When the engine starts, check that the lubricating oil pressure exceeds 138 kPa (20 lbs/in ) 1,4 kgf/cm   within

the first 10 seconds, see "Engine data" on page 8 for the correct lubricating oil pressure.

If a gauge is not fitted, check that the warning light for low oil pressure is extinguished. If this does not occur,

stop the engine and find and correct the fault. Allow the engine to warm at approximately 1000 rev/min for three

to five minutes before load is applied.

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How to start an engine with an ether start system

Ambient temperature below -20°C (-4°F)

Caution: Ether is very flammable and is toxic. Apply the safety precautions on the container for the use and

storage of ether and for the disposal of empty containers.

1  Apply the hand brake. Ensure that the transmission is in the out-of-drive position. Check the ether container

to ensure that a supply of ether is available under pressure.

2  Ensure that the engine speed control is still in the idle position.

Note: Do not operate the engine speed control during engine start, the management system controls fuel

supply and it will ignore signals from the speed control until the engine starts.

3  Turn the start key to the "ON" position.

4  Turn the start key further to engage the starter motor. If the application has a start button, press and hold

the button to engage the starter motor, and at the same time press the ether injection button. Allow one to two

seconds for the ether injection system to fill then release the injection button to release a measured amount of

ether into the engine.

Caution: Release of ether into the cylinders before the starter motor is engaged may cause damage to the

pistons and piston rings.

5  Release the start key (or the start button, if one is fitted) as soon as the engine starts. The start key will return

to the "ON" position.

Caution: If the engine does not start within 30 seconds, release the start key and wait two to three minutes to

allow the starter motor to cool. If after three tries the engine does not start, turn the key to the "OFF" position

and locate and correct the problem. Always ensure that the engine and starter motor are stationary before the

starter motor is engaged again.

Note: In extemely cold conditions, it is permissible to inject further ether into the engine if the engine runs

roughly after the initial start.

Caution: Do not inject ether into a warm engine.

6  When the engine starts check that the lubricating oil pressure exceeds 138 kPa (20 lbs/in  ) 1,4 kgf/cm2

within the first 25 seconds, see "Engine data" on page 8 for the correct lubricating oil pressure. If a gauge is

not fitted, check that the warning light for low oil pressure is extinguished. If this does not occur, stop the

engine.

2

Find and correct the fault. Allow the engine to warm at approximately 1000 rev/min for three to five minutes

before load is applied.

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How to stop the engine

Turn the engine start key to the "OFF" position.

It is recommended that the engine is operated at idle speed for three to five minutes before the engine is

stopped. This will allow the lubricating oil and the coolant to carry the heat away from large ferrous

components.

Adjustment of engine speed range

The idle or maximum speed settings cannot be changed by the engine operator.

Engine operation at idle speed

Do not operate the engine for long periods at idle speed as this could have an adverse affect on the engine

performance or damage the engine.

Running-in

A gradual running-in of a new engine is not necessary. Prolonged operation at light loads during the early life

of the engine is not recommended.

Maximum load can be applied to a new engine as soon as the engine is put into service and the coolant

temperature has reached a minimum of 76 °C (170 °F).

z   Do not operate the engine at high speeds without a load.

z   Do not overload the engine.

Altitude

The engine management system will automatically compensate for altitude.

16

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

4

Preventive maintenance

4

Preventive maintenance periods

These preventive maintenance periods apply to average conditions of operation. Check the periods given by

the manufacturer of the equipment in which the engine is installed. Use the periods which are shortest . When

the operation of the engine must conform to the local regulations these periods and procedures may need to

be adapted to ensure correct operation of the engine.

It is good preventive maintenance to check for leakage and loose fasteners at each service.

These maintenance periods apply only to engines that are operated with fuel and lubricating oil which conform

to the specifications given in this handbook.

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

Schedules

The schedules which follow must be applied at the interval (hours or months) which occur first.

A

B

C

D

Every day or every 8 hours

Every 450 hours or 6 months

Every 900 hours or 12 months

Every 3600 hours or 24 months

E

F

Every 5000 hours

Every 6700 to 7500 hours

Annually

G

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Operation

z

z

Ensure that the coolant is at the correct level

Check the intercooler and the coolant radiator for debris

z

z

z

Check, and adjust if necessary, the antifreeze mixture  (2)

Test the level of coolant conditioner, and adjust if necessary  (2)

Check the condition of the drive belt

z

Renew the coolant  (4)

z

z

Renew the canister of the coolant filter  (3)

Inspect the thermostat  (2)

z

Drain water from the fuel pre-filter  (1)

z

Renew the canister of the fuel filter and renew the fuel strainer

z

Ensure that the atomisers are checked  (2)

z

z

Check the amount of lubricating oil in the sump

Check the lubricating oil pressure at the gauge  (1)

z

z

z

Renew the engine lubricating oil  (5)

Renew the canister of the lubricating oil filter

Clean or renew the air filter element (or earlier if in extremely dusty conditions)

z

Ensure that the valve tip clearances of the engine are checked and, if necessary, adjusted  (2)

Ensure that the turbocharger impeller and the turbocharger compressor casing are cleaned

z

z

(2)

Ensure that the alternator, the starter motor, and the turbocharger are checked

z

Inspect the electrical system  (2)

(1) If one is fitted.

(2) By a person who has had the correct training.

(3) Also if the coolant system has been drained.

(4) The system should be flushed and a new canister fitted.

(5) The oil change interval will change with the sulphur content of the fuel (see the table below and the "Fuel specification" on page

29). The interval to change the canister of the lubricating oil filter is not affected.

(6) Use a suitable test kit.

Fuel sulphur content (%)

Oil change interval

Normal

<0.5

0.5 to 1.0

>1.0

75% of normal

50% of normal

18

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4

1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

How to drain the cooling system

Warning! Do not drain the coolant while the engine is still hot and the system is under pressure because

dangerous hot coolant can be discharged.

1  Ensure that the machine is on level ground.

2  Remove the filler cap of the cooling system.

3  Remove the drain plug (A1) from the side of the cylinder block (below the rear of the high-pressure pump)

and the drain plug (B1) from the lubricating oil cooler in order to drain the engine. Ensure that the drain holes

are not restricted.

4  Open the tap or remove the drain plug at the bottom of the radiator in order to drain the radiator. If the radiator

does not have a tap or drain plug, disconnect the hose at the bottom of the radiator.

5  Flush the system.

6  Fit the drain plugs and the filler cap. Close the radiator tap or connect the radiator hose.

7  Renew the canister, part number 26550001, of the coolant filter.

Caution: The canister contains a corrosion inhibitor which is circulated around the cooling system as the

coolant passes through the canister. It is important that only the genuine correct Perkins canister is used.

1

1

A

B

W005

W006

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4

1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

How to fill the cooling system

Caution: See "Coolant specification" on page 31 for details of the correct coolant to be used in the cooling

system. If coolant is added to the system during service, it must consist of the same original mixture as used

to fill the system. The engine must be allowed to cool before coolant is added.

Warning! Do not remove the filler cap while the engine is still hot and the system is under pressure because

dangerous hot coolant can be discharged.

1  Remove the filler cap of the cooling system.

2  The cooling system must be filled very slowly in order to eliminate air. Fill the cooling system until coolant

reaches the bottom of the filler tube. Fit the filler cap.

3  Start the engine. Allow the engine to operate at a fast idle until the engine reaches its normal temperature

of operation. Stop the engine and allow it to cool.

Remove carefully the filler cap and add coolant until the level of the coolant reaches the filler tube. Fit the filler

cap.

20

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

How to renew the canister of the coolant filter / inhibitor

Warning! Do not remove the canister while the engine is still hot and under pressure because dangerous hot

fluid can be discharged.

Caution: The canister contains a corrosion inhibitor which is circulated around the cooling system as the

coolant passes through the canister. It is important that only the genuine correct Perkins canister is used.

Note: There are two types of coolant filter head:

Type 1

1  When the engine has cooled, remove the radiator filler cap to release the system pressure.

Note: When the system pressure is released, valves will close in the filter canister and in the housing for the

canister. This will prevent the loss of coolant when the filter is removed.

2  Thoroughly clean the outside surfaces of the coolant filter assembly.

3  Use a strap wrench or similar tool to loosen the filter canister and remove the canister. Valves in the filter

head will prevent the loss of coolant when the canister is removed.

4  Ensure that the threaded adaptor (A2) is secure in the filter head and that the inside of the head is clean.

5  Lubricate lightly the seal (A1) on top of the new canister with clean engine coolant. Fit the new canister to

the filter head and tighten, by hand only. Do not overtighten the canister.

1

2

3

1

2

A

B

W007

W1170

Type 2

1  When the engine has cooled, remove the radiator filler cap to release the system pressure.

2  Turn the lever (B1) fully counter-clockwise, to the close the valve. This will prevent the loss of coolant when

the canister (B3) is removed.

3  Thoroughly clean the outside surfaces of the coolant filter assembly.

4  Use a strap wrench or similar tool to loosen the filter canister and remove the canister.

5 , ,  Lubricate lightly the seal on top of the new canister with clean engine coolant. Fit the new canister to the

filter head and tighten until the seal touches the filter head, tighten a further one rotation by hand only. Do not

overtighten the canister.

6  Turn the lever (B2) fully clockwise, to the open the valve. This will allow the flow of coolant through the

canister.

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

How to check the drive belt

There is no need to check the tension of the belt as the tension is set automatically. The condition of the belt

should be checked. The belt should be renewed if there are cracks in the belt or if the belt is contaminated by

oil or grease.

1

4

2

5

3

A

W008

How to remove the drive belt

1  Fit a square headed lever (A3) into the 12,7 mm (0.5 in) hole (A2) in the tensioner assembly (A1).

2  Operate the lever to release the tension from the belt (A4) and remove the belt. The tensioner will return to

its original position by spring pressure.

3  Remove the lever.

To tighten the alternator pulley nut

1  Fit a suitable strap wrench around the alternator pulley to prevent rotation while the nut is tightened.

2  Tighten the nut to 60 Nm (44 lbf ft) 6 kgf m.

3  Remove the strap wrench.

To fit the fan drive belt

1  With the lever (A3) in the tensioner (A1), pull the tensioner outwards. Put the belt in position around all of

the pulleys. Ensure that the tensioner pulley is on the outside of the belt.

2  Allow the tensioner to return and tension the belt.

3  Remove the lever.

22

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

Fuel pre-filter

This will normally be fitted between the fuel tank and the engine. Check the filter bowl for water at regular

intervals and drain as necessary.

How to renew the fuel strainer and the canister of the fuel filter

The fuel filter assembly has a fuel strainer to remove larger particles from the fuel and a filter canister to remove

the smaller particles. The fuel strainer can be cleaned, but the fuel filter must be renewed.

1  Thoroughly clean the outside surfaces of the fuel filter assembly.

2  Use a strap wrench or similar tool to loosen the filter canister, and remove the canister.

1

3  Use a 29 mm (1  /   in ) socket spanner to remove the plastic cover (A5) from the fuel strainer. Remove the

8

strainer (A3) and the 'O' ring (A4) from the cover.

4  Fit a new strainer and a new 'O' ring to the cover and fit the cover to the filter head.

Caution: Ensure that the open end of the new strainer is toward the filter head.

5  Ensure that the threaded adaptor (A1) is secure in the filter head and that the inside of the head is clean.

Lubricate lightly the seal (A2) of the new canister with clean diesel fuel. Fit the new canister to the filter head

1

and tighten the canister by hand until the seal contacts the filter head. Tighten the canister a further  /   turn by

2

hand only. Do not use a strap wrench.

6  Eliminate the air from the fuel filter, see page 24.

Caution: It is important that only the genuine Perkins parts are used. The use of wrong parts could damage

the fuel injector units.

3

1

4

2

5

A

W009

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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4

1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

How to eliminate air from the fuel system

If air enters the fuel system, it must be eliminated before the engine can be started.

Air can enter the system if:

z   The fuel tank is drained during normal operation.

z   The low-pressure fuel pipes are disconnected.

z   A part of the low-pressure fuel system leaks during engine operation.

In order to eliminate air from the fuel system, proceed as follows:

1  Loosen the vent plug (A1) on the top of the fuel filter head.

2  Operate the plunger of the fuel priming pump (A2) until fuel, free from air, comes from the filter vent point.

Tighten the vent plug.

3  Turn the start key to the "ON" position.

4  Operate the starter motor for intervals of 15 seconds until the engine starts. If the engine runs correctly for

a short time and then stops or runs roughly, check for air in the fuel system. If there is air in the fuel system,

there is probably a leakage in the low pressure system. Turn the start key to the "OFF" position to stop the

engine. Rectify the leakage and repeat the procedure.

2

1

A

W011/1

24

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

How to renew the lubricating oil

1  Operate the engine until it is warm.

2  Stop the engine.

3  Put a container with a capacity of approximately 30 litres (6.5 UK gallons) 32 US quarts beneath the sump.

Remove the sump drain plug (A1) and its washer and drain the lubricating oil from the sump. Ensure that the

‘O’ ring is not damaged. Fit the drain plug and its washer and tighten the plug to 68 Nm (50 lbf ft) 6,9 kgf m.

4  Turn the handle on top of the filler cap (B2) counter-clockwise to release the filler cap and dipstick assembly

from the filler tube.

5  Fill the sump to the "FULL" mark on the dipstick (B1) with new and clean lubricating oil of an approved grade,

see "Lubricating oil specification" on page 30.

6  Fit the dipstick and filler cap assembly and turn the handle on the cap clockwise to tighten the filler cap in

the filler tube.

7  Remove the container of used lubricating oil from beneath the engine.

Warning! Discard the used lubricating oil in a safe place and in accordance with local regulations.

8  Start the engine and check for lubricating oil leakage. Stop the engine. After 15 minutes check the oil level

on the dipstick and, if necessary, put more lubricating oil into the sump.

Caution: Do not fill the sump past the "FULL" mark on the dipstick.

F u l l

A d d

1

1

2

A

B

W012

W013

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

How to renew the canister of the lubricating oil filter

1  Put a tray under the filter to retain spilt lubricating oil.

2  Clean thoroughly the outside surfaces of the filter assembly.

3  Use a strap wrench or similar tool to loosen the filter canister. Remove and discard the canister. Ensure that

the adaptor (A1) is secure in the filter head.

Warning! Discard the used canister and lubricating oil in a safe place and in accordance with local regulations.

4  Clean inside the filter head

5  Lubricate the seal (A2) on top of the canister with clean engine lubricating oil.

6  Fill the new filter canister with clean engine lubricating oil. Fit the new canister and tighten by hand until the

1

3

4

seal contacts the filter head. Tighten the canister a further  /   to   /  of a turn by hand only. Do not use a strap

wrench.

2

7  Ensure that there is lubricating oil in the sump.

8  Turn the start key to the "ON" position and start the engine.

Note: The engine will not start and operate until oil pressure is obtained. Oil pressure is indicated when the

warning light is extinguished or by a reading on the gauge.

When the engine starts check for leakage from the filter. Stop the engine. After 15 minutes  check the oil level

on the dipstick and, if necessary, put more lubricating oil of an approved grade into the sump.

Caution: Do not fill the sump past the "FULL" mark on the dipstick.

2

A

W014

26

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

Air filter

Environmental conditions have an important effect on the frequency at which the air filter needs service.

The filter element must be cleaned or renewed according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

Restriction indicator

The restriction indicator for these engines must work at a pressure difference of 635 mm (25 in) of water gauge.

It is fitted on the air filter outlet or between the air filter and the induction manifold.

The restriction indicator should be tested according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

How to set the valve tip clearances

The valve tip clearance is checked with feeler gauges between the top of the valve stem and the rocker lever

(B), with the engine cold. The correct clearance for the inlet valves and the exhaust valves is 0,64 mm

(0.025 in). The valve positions are shown at (A).

The arrangement of the valves for each cylinder in sequence is inlet valve then exhaust valve.

Note: Number 1 cylinder is at the front of the engine.

1  Disconnect the air inlet pipe at the rocker cover/induction manifold.

2  Release the 13 cap screws which retain the rocker cover and remove the cover.

3  Turn the crankshaft in the normal direction of rotation until valve 11 (A) has just opened and valve 12 has

not closed fully. Check/adjust the clearances of valves 1 and 2.

4  Set valves 3 and 4 as indicated above then check/adjust the clearances of valves 9 and 10.

5  Set valves 7 and 8 then check/adjust the clearances of valves 5 and 6.

6  Set valves 1 and 2 then check/adjust the clearances of valves 11 and 12.

7  Set valves 9 and 10 then check/adjust the clearances of valves 3 and 4.

8  Set valves 5 and 6 then check/adjust the clearances of valves 7 and 8.

9  If necessary, put a new rocker cover/induction manifold gasket in position on the cylinder head. Align

carefully the cover and the gasket. Fit the cap screws which retain the rocker cover and tighten them to 17 Nm

(13 lbf ft) 1,7 kgf m.

10  Connect the air inlet pipe to the rocker cover

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

A

W014

B

W202/1

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User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

5

Engine fluids

5

Fuel specification

To get the correct power and performance from your engine, use good quality fuel. The recommended fuel

specification for Perkins engines is indicated below:

Cetane number

Viscosity

50 minimum

2.0/4.5 centistokes at 40 °C

0,835/0,855 kg/litre

0.2% of mass, maximum

85% at 350 °C

Density

Sulphur

Distillation

Cetane number indicates ignition performance. A fuel with a low cetane number can cause cold start problems

and affect combustion.

Viscosity is the resistance to flow and engine performance can be affected if it is outside the limits.

Density: A lower density reduces engine power, a higher density increases engine power and exhaust smoke.

Sulphur: A high sulphur content (not normally found in Europe, North America or Australasia) can cause

engine wear. Where only high sulphur fuels are available, it is necessary to use a highly alkaline lubricating oil

in the engine or to renew the lubricating oil more frequently, see "How to renew the lubricating oil" on page 25.

Distillation: This is an indication of the mixture of different hydrocarbons in the fuel. A high ratio of light-weight

hydrocarbons can affect the combustion characteristics.

Low temperature fuels

Special winter fuels may be available for engine operation at temperatures below 0 °C. These fuels have a

lower viscosity and also limit the wax formation in the fuel at low temperatures. If wax formation occurs, this

could stop the fuel flow through the filter.

If you need advice on adjustments to an engine setting or to the lubricating oil change periods which may be

necessary because of the standard of the available fuel, consult the Technical Service Department of Perkins

International Limited at Peterborough or your nearest Perkins Distributor.

Aviation kerosene fuels

Caution: Do not use aviation kerosene fuel JP4.

JP5 and JP8 can be used, but they can affect engine performance and wear in the fuel injector units could

increase. It is recommended that you consult the Technical Service Department of Perkins International

Limited at Peterborough if aviation kerosene fuel is to be used.

Aviation kerosene fuels are more flammable than diesel fuel and need careful storage and careful

management.

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

Lubricating oil specification

The specification of lubricating oil that is recommended for these engines are API CI-4 or DHD-1.

This specification of lubricating oil will provide the necessary protection for your engine. A higher specification

of lubricating oil is acceptable.

Caution: The type of lubricating oil to be used may be affected by the quality of the fuel which is available. For

further details see "Fuel specification" on page 29.

Always ensure that the correct viscosity grade of lubricating oil is used for the ambient temperature range in

which the engine will run as shown in the chart (A).

Note: The shaded areas in the chart (A) indicate the preferred viscosity grade of oil for the temperature range.

Increase in oil consumption may be expected when SAE 0W-30, 5W-30 and 10W-30 oils are used.

Check oil levels more frequently.

0W-30

5W-30

10W-30

15W-40

-30

-22

-20

-4

-10

14

0

32

10

50

20

68

30

86

40

50 C

o

o

104    122 F

A

30

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

Coolant specification

The quality of the coolant which is used can have a great effect on the efficiency and life of the cooling system.

The recommendations indicated below can help to maintain a good cooling system and to protect it against

frost and/or corrosion.

If the correct procedures are not used, Perkins cannot be held responsible for frost or corrosion damage.

1  If it is possible, use clean soft water in the coolant.

2  If an antifreeze mixture is used to prevent frost damage, it must have an ethanediol base (ethylene glycol)

with a corrosion inhibitor. It is recommended that the corrosion inhibitor is of the sodium nitrite/sodium

molybdate type. The antifreeze mixture must be an efficient coolant at all ambient temperatures and it must

provide protection against corrosion. It must also have a specification at least as good as the requirements of

either BS6580 or MOD AL39.

The quality of the antifreeze coolant must be checked at least once a year, for example, at the beginning of

the cold period. The coolant must be renewed every two years.

The antifreeze mixture must consist of equal quantities of antifreeze and water. Concentrations of more than

50% of antifreeze must not be used because these can affect adversely the performance of the coolant.

3  When frost protection is not necessary, it is still an advantage to use an approved antifreeze mixture

because this gives a protection against corrosion and also raises the boiling point of the coolant. If an approved

antifreeze mixture is not available, add a correct mixture of corrosion inhibitor to the water.

All 1300 Series EDi engines are supplied with a coolant filter / conditioner canister. Renew the coolant and the

filter / conditioner canister in accordance with the maintenance "Schedules" on page 18. Test the level of

coolant conditioner, and adjust if necessary in accordance with the maintenance "Schedules" on page 18.

User’s Handbook, TPD 1352E, issue 4

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

6

Fault diagnosis

6

Problems and possible causes

Possible causes

Problem

Checks by the workshop

personnel

Checks by the user

The starter motor turns the engine too slowly

The engine does not start

1, 2, 3, 4

5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13,     37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 66, 67, 68,

14, 15, 17

69

5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,

14, 15, 16, 17, 19

The engine is difficult to start

Not enough power

37, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 66

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16,     37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 61, 63,

8, 9, 20, 21

64, 66, 68, 69

8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 20,

22

Misfire

37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 66, 69

11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19,

23, 22

37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 63,

66

High fuel consumption

Black exhaust smoke

Blue or white exhaust smoke

37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 61,

63, 66

11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22

4, 15, 21, 23

37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 52,

58, 62, 66, 68

The pressure of the low pressure lubricating oil system is too

low

4, 24, 25, 26

46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 59,

37, 40, 42, 44, 46, 52, 53, 60,

66, 68

The engine knocks

The engine runs erratically

Vibration

9, 13, 15, 17, 20, 22, 23

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15,

16, 18, 20, 22, 23

38, 40, 44, 52, 60, 66, 68, 69

38, 39, 40, 44, 52, 54, 66, 68,

69

13, 18, 20, 27, 28

4, 25

The pressure of the low pressure lubricating oil system is too

high

49

11, 13, 15, 19, 27, 29,

30, 32, 65

The engine oil temperature is too high

Crankcase pressure

37, 39, 52, 55, 56, 57, 64, 69

39, 42, 44, 45, 52

31, 33

37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 53,

60

Bad compression

11, 22

The engine starts and stops

10, 11, 12

4, 24, 25, 26

66, 68, 69

The pressure of the high pressure lubricating oil system is too

low

66, 68, 69

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List of possible causes

1  Battery capacity low.

2  Bad electrical connections.

3  Fault in starter motor.

4  Wrong grade of lubricating oil.

5  Starter motor turns engine too slowly.

6  Fuel tank empty.

7  Spare.

8  Restriction in a fuel pipe.

9  Fault in fuel lift pump.

10  Dirty fuel filter element.

11  Restriction in air induction system.

12  Air in fuel system.

13  Fault in the fuel injector units.

14  Cold start system used incorrectly.

15  Fault in cold start system.

16  Restriction in fuel tank vent.

17  Wrong type or grade of fuel used.

18  Restricted movement of engine speed control.

19  Restriction in exhaust pipe.

20  Engine temperature is too high.

21  Engine temperature is too low.

22  Incorrect valve tip clearances.

23  Too much oil or oil of the wrong type is used in wet type air cleaner, if one is fitted.

24  Not enough lubricating oil in sump.

25  Defective gauge.

26  Dirty lubricating oil filter element.

27  Fan damaged.

28  Fault in engine mounting or flywheel housing.

29  Too much lubricating oil in sump.

30  Restriction in air or water passages of radiator.

31  Restriction in breather pipe.

32  Insufficient coolant in system.

33  Fault in exhauster.

34  Spare.

35  Spare.

36  Spare.

37  Valve timing is incorrect.

38  Bad compression.

39  Cylinder head gasket leaks.

40  Valves are not free.

41  Spare.

42  Worn cylinder bores.

43  Leakage between valves and seats.

44  Piston rings are not free or they are worn or broken.

45  Valve stems and/or guides are worn.

46  Crankshaft bearings are worn or damaged.

34

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1300 Series EDi Models WK to WS

47  Lubricating oil pump is worn.

48  Relief valve does not close.

49  Relief valve does not open.

50  Relief valve spring is broken.

51  Fault in suction pipe of lubricating oil pump.

52  Piston is damaged.

53  Piston height is incorrect.

54  Flywheel housing or flywheel is not aligned correctly.

55  Fault in thermostat or thermostat is of an incorrect type.

56  Restriction in coolant passages.

57  Fault in water pump.

58  Valve stem seal is damaged.

59  Restriction in sump strainer.

60  Valve spring is broken.

61  Turbocharger impeller is damaged or dirty.

62  Lubricating oil seal of turbocharger leaks.

63  Induction system leaks.

64  Turbocharger waste-gate does not work correctly, if one is fitted.

65  Drive belt for water pump is loose.

66  Faulty engine management system.

67  Broken drive on the high pressure pump.

68  Faulty injection control system

69  Faulty sensor